9 November 2023

Akula 250Bd/500 FSK version

A friend of mine, whom I'm grateful, sent me this interesting and quite rare example of the Akula 250Bd/500 FSK waveform. Transmission was recorded on 9202 KHz around 0800 UTC using a Japanese SDR: as you see, the values of the FSK parameters are the half of the usual ones (500Bd/1000) 

Fig. 1 - Akula 250Bd/500

The demodulated bitstream shows the normal Akula "stuff" (Figure 2):
- reversals
- sync group (6 code words followed by 6-bit "0"s separator)
- preamble group (7 code words with two different, but varying values arranged as 4 x 1st code word + 3 x 2nd code word)
- data block
- End-Of-Message group + EOT group (which never varies and consists of the five code words 101111 100010 100010 101111 011110)

Also notice in Figure 2 the slight difference between the preamble of this sample:
3 x 100101 + 110101 + 2 x 110001
and the characteristic one obtained from the demodulation of the 500Bd/1000 waveform:
4 x 100101 + 2 x 110001
further registrations are needed before we can say that this is the characteristic preamble of the 250Bd/500 waveform.

Fig. 2 - Akula 250Bd/500 demodulated bitstream

It's worth noting in Figure 1,3 the continuous carrier in absence of messages, as already seen in other recordings [1]: probably this is due to the adopted ship-shore "paradigma". While in many of the western navies the shore stations are used to broadcast a list of available listening frequency (FABs/CARBs) (1), it could be that the Russian shore stations transmit a carrier on their known listening frequencies at scheduled times on behalf of subs which have something to comunicate to the shore station itself.  That's obviously my and my frield's guess.

Fig. 3

It's very interesting to note that a day after, and on the same frequency, a short speech was noted: "GREYDER ya DALNIE", more over the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation web site reports about an anti-submarine exercise in Peter the Great Bay by the Pacific Fleet just on 8th November (Figure 4) [3]. Note that "Peter the Great Bay" is located in the Sea of Japan, northwestern Pacific Ocean, in the Maritime (Primorye) region of far eastern Russia and that the Akula sample was heard using a remote KiwiSDR in Nagano, Japan. Just a coincidence?

Fig. 4 - https://function.mil.ru/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12484855@egNews

https://disk.yandex.com/d/kGyl5tQco6hKWg

(1) CARB is the acronym for Channel Availability and Receipt Broadcast, these transmissions radiate information on the frequencies available for ship-shore traffic and to pass control and receipt messages; sometimes also indicated as FAB or Frequency Availability Broadcast. These procedures are used to automatically perform a channel-link before a message could be sent [2]. 

[1] http://i56578-swl.blogspot.com/2022/04/akula-quite-unusual-session.html
[2] http://i56578-swl.blogspot.com/search/label/FAB
[3] https://function.mil.ru/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12484855@egNews

1 comment:

  1. Hi Tony, great stuff as usual! From what I've read they install Akula on spyships, subs, and capital ships like the Pyotr Velikiy, any of wich are to transmit flash precedence Akula traffic when certain criteria are met. The constant carrier may be present for testing that particular radio, a sub doing so kinda defeats the purpose of Akula. Also I'm unsure if shore stations ever tx Akula.

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